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The Romantic Age 1760/1837 - The Romantic Literary Movement
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Satire was gradually replaced by sentimentalism, while realism and nationalism made room for symbolism and imagination. The "Age of reason" slowly turned into the "Age of sensibility" dominated by sentimentalism, by a new interest in nature and by the quest for new sources of inspiration. The word ROMANTIC appeared in England in the 17th century in the sense of "extravagant, unreal", but by the end of the 18th century it had already assumed a different meaning and was link with feelings, imagination and emotional pleasures. In literature it was applied to a movement which presented a definite and sharp break with the insistence on reason, common sense and realism which had characterised the Augustan Age. The Literary background to the Romantic Movement is quite complex: the American Revolution, the French Revolution and The Napoleonic wars gave way to democratic principes and to the ideals of freedom. The philosophical thought of Voltaire and Rousseau, with their concerne with nature and man's emotional and imaginative powers; the German literary movement called "Sturm und Drang" was strangly nationalistic and it emphasised the value of the individual, opposed the nationalism of the Enlightenment.
Poetry.
Language: the English romantic period was dominated by poetry. The language was affected by new ideas of simplicity and democratisation: artificial poetic diction was replaced by a language spoken by men and closer to the masses.
Task of the poet: the poet come to be seen as someone unique in his creative faculties, a prophet divinely inspired. The poet spoke of himself, of his joys and fears, of his passions and rebellions.
History: during the Augustan age, writers had looked back to the past, but they had been focused on greece and rome, while romantic poets looked to the middle ages for ispiration.
Imagination: while the writers of the Augustan age had tried to adhere faithfully to their classical models, the romantics revisited the past through their own imagination which represented the highest gift of the poet, who, through it was able to modify or re-create the world around him.
Nature: in this period we have "nature poetry" which conveyed a new sense of intimate communion between nature and man, two different parts of the same universe.
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